A catastrophic natural disaster struck the picturesque mountain village of Dharali in Uttarakhand’s Uttarkashi district on August 5, 2025, when a powerful Uttarkashi cloudburst triggered deadly flash floods that swept away entire neighborhoods and left a trail of unprecedented destruction. The sudden deluge, which occurred around 1:45 PM local time, has confirmed four deaths while over 60 people remain feared trapped beneath tons of debris and mud.
The Uttarkashi cloudburst event unfolded with terrifying speed in the catchment area of the Kheer Ganga river, transforming the normally peaceful tourist destination into a scene of absolute devastation. Eyewitnesses described hearing desperate screams as torrents of muddy water, rocks, and debris cascaded down the mountainside, completely obliterating buildings that had stood for decades.
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Catastrophic Scale of Uttarkashi Cloudburst Destruction
The sheer magnitude of destruction caused by this Uttarkashi cloudburst has shocked even seasoned disaster management officials. According to local authorities, approximately 40-50 houses were completely washed away, while an estimated 20-25 hotels and homestays – the economic backbone of this tourist region – vanished within minutes.
District Magistrate Prashant Arya confirmed the preliminary death toll of four, but warned that the numbers could rise significantly as rescue operations progress. “The situation remains extremely critical,” Arya stated during a press briefing, emphasizing the challenges faced by emergency responders.
The Uttarkashi cloudburst particularly devastated Dharali’s main market area, which was bustling with activity when disaster struck. Local residents reported that many people had gathered for a religious fair, significantly increasing the number of individuals present during the tragedy. This timing factor has raised serious concerns about the potential for a much higher casualty count.
Mohsen Shahedi, DIG of the National Disaster Response Force, provided grim details about the destruction: “According to initial reports, around 40-50 houses have been washed away, and more than 50 people are estimated to be missing”. The scale of infrastructure damage extends beyond residential areas, with critical transportation links, communication towers, and essential services completely disrupted.
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Military Personnel Among Missing in Uttarkashi Cloudburst
In a particularly tragic turn of events, the Uttarkashi cloudburst has also impacted military personnel stationed in the region. Reports confirm that 11 soldiers from the Indian Army are among those missing after floodwaters struck an army camp in the nearby Harsil area.
Despite facing their own losses, military units have demonstrated remarkable dedication to rescue operations. Colonel Harshvardhan, commanding officer of the 14th Battalion Rajputana Rifles, is personally leading 150 personnel in critical rescue and relief operations. The Defense PRO’s statement highlighted the extraordinary circumstances: “Despite being cut off and the unit’s base being adversely affected, and 11 personnel feared missing, the team continues to operate with unwavering determination”.
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The military’s response to the Uttarkashi cloudburst showcases both the tragedy’s severity and the armed forces’ commitment to civilian safety. Additional army columns have been mobilized from surrounding areas to support ongoing rescue efforts, while the Indian Air Force has placed multiple helicopter squadrons on standby.
Meteorological Mystery Behind Uttarkashi Cloudburst
The circumstances surrounding this Uttarkashi cloudburst have puzzled meteorological experts, as recorded rainfall data doesn’t align with typical cloudburst parameters. The India Meteorological Department (IMD) confirmed that Uttarkashi district received only light to moderate rainfall on August 5, with measurements ranging from 8mm to 43mm – well below the 100mm threshold typically associated with cloudbursts.
Rohit Thapliyal, senior scientist at IMD’s regional meteorological center, explained the anomaly: “Only very light to light rain was observed in the affected area over 24 hours. The highest rainfall recorded anywhere in Uttarkashi was merely 27mm at the district headquarters”. This discrepancy has led experts to investigate alternative explanations, including potential glacial lake outburst floods (GLOF) or upstream dam failures.
Some geological experts suspect that the Uttarkashi cloudburst designation might be inaccurate, with the actual cause being a glacier collapse or glacial lake breach upstream rather than localized extreme precipitation. This theory gains credibility when considering the volume and debris content of the floodwaters, which exceeded what typical rainfall could generate.
Historical Pattern of Himalayan Disasters
The Uttarkashi cloudburst tragedy represents the latest in a disturbing pattern of natural disasters affecting the Himalayan region. Uttarakhand has experienced multiple catastrophic events in recent decades, including the devastating 2013 Kedarnath floods that killed over 5,700 people, and the 2021 Chamoli disaster that resulted in more than 200 casualties.
Environmental scientists point to several contributing factors that make regions susceptible to events like the Uttarkashi cloudburst. The young Himalayan mountain range remains geologically unstable, with ongoing tectonic activity creating conditions favorable for landslides and sudden water releases.
Dr. S.P. Sati, a prominent geologist studying the region, noted that the Kheer Ganga river has a documented history of destructive flooding. “Every two-three years, the river overflows and its debris wreaks havoc. In 2018 and 2021, the river caused significant damage in Dharali,” Sati explained. Historical records indicate that the worst flooding occurred in 1835, when the entire town of Dharali was submerged.
Rescue Operations Face Multiple Challenges
Emergency response efforts following the Uttarkashi cloudburst have encountered numerous obstacles, from blocked transportation routes to dangerous weather conditions. Multiple agencies, including the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF), State Disaster Response Force (SDRF), Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP), and Indian Army units, are coordinating rescue operations.
The rescue teams have achieved some success despite challenging conditions, with reports indicating that over 130 people have been safely evacuated from the disaster zone. However, continuous rainfall and the risk of additional landslides have complicated efforts to reach all affected areas.

Transportation infrastructure damage has severely hampered the Uttarkashi cloudburst response efforts. The critical Uttarkashi-Harsil road has been blocked by multiple landslides, forcing rescue teams to approach on foot through treacherous terrain. The Harsil helipad, essential for aerial operations, was completely washed away, eliminating a crucial logistical hub.
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Weather conditions continue to pose significant risks, with the IMD issuing warnings for continued heavy rainfall until August 10. The Indian Air Force has placed Chinook helicopters, Mi-17s, and other aircraft on standby at Chandigarh Air Base, ready to deploy once weather conditions improve.
Tourism Industry Devastation
The economic impact of the Uttarkashi cloudburst extends far beyond immediate infrastructure damage, severely affecting the region’s tourism-dependent economy. Dharali serves as a crucial stopover for pilgrims traveling to Gangotri Dham, one of the holiest Hindu pilgrimage sites, and the destruction of hotels and guesthouses will have lasting economic consequences.
Local tourism operators estimate that the disaster destroyed approximately 80% of accommodation facilities in Dharali, representing millions of dollars in economic losses. The timing proves particularly devastating as the incident occurred during peak pilgrimage season, when thousands of visitors typically pass through the area daily.
Beyond immediate infrastructure losses, the Uttarkashi cloudburst has disrupted the entire Char Dham Yatra pilgrimage circuit, affecting tourism revenues across multiple districts. Road closures and safety concerns will likely deter visitors for months, compounding economic hardship for communities dependent on religious tourism.
Environmental and Development Concerns
Environmental activists have seized upon the Uttarkashi cloudburst tragedy to highlight ongoing concerns about unregulated development in ecologically sensitive Himalayan regions. Critics argue that excessive construction activity, particularly the expansion of tourism infrastructure, has increased vulnerability to natural disasters.
Atul Satti, a prominent environmental activist, emphasized the lack of adequate early warning systems: “Uttarakhand faces disasters every monsoon season—cloudbursts, landslides, and flash floods have become more frequent than ever. But where is the early warning? Even a few minutes’ notice could have saved many lives”.
Local journalists familiar with the region report that unauthorized construction has encroached upon the natural course of the Kheer Ganga river, potentially exacerbating the Uttarkashi cloudburst impact. “People have also encroached on the river’s course and built houses and homestays on it,” explained Shailendra Godiyal, who has covered Uttarkashi for nearly fifteen years.
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The broader implications of the Uttarkashi cloudburst extend beyond immediate disaster response to fundamental questions about sustainable development in climate-vulnerable regions. Scientific research indicates that Uttarakhand experiences more cloudburst events per unit area than any other region in the Indian Himalayas, with incidents becoming increasingly severe.
Government Response and Political Implications
Political leaders across party lines have responded to the Uttarkashi cloudburst with expressions of sympathy and promises of comprehensive support. Prime Minister Narendra Modi spoke directly with Uttarakhand Chief Minister Pushkar Singh Dhami to coordinate federal assistance, while Union Home Minister Amit Shah directed multiple specialized teams to the disaster zone.
Chief Minister Dhami, who cut short an official visit to Andhra Pradesh, described the tragedy as “extremely sad and distressing” and assured that relief operations were proceeding “on a war footing”. The state government has established emergency helplines and reserved hospital beds across the region to handle casualties.
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However, the Uttarkashi cloudburst has also renewed criticism about disaster preparedness and environmental policies in vulnerable mountain regions. Opposition politicians and environmental groups argue that the tragedy reflects systematic failures in early warning systems and uncontrolled development approvals.

- India Meteorological Department – Official weather data and forecasting
- National Disaster Management Authority – Disaster preparedness guidelines
- Uttarakhand State Disaster Management Authority – State-level disaster response information
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Π’ΡΠ»ΡΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π±ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΊ 8 ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ° β ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ± Π²ΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊ ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌ. ΠΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΡΠ²Π°ΠΉΡΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠΎ-Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ.
ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ½Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Π° [url=http://www.master-remonta-boylerov.ru/]http://www.master-remonta-boylerov.ru/[/url]
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ΠΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠΊΠΈ.
Π‘Π²Π°Π΄Π΅Π±Π½ΡΠΉ Π±ΡΠΊΠ΅Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΏΠΈΡΡ Π² ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Π΅ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ. Π‘Π²Π°Π΄Π΅Π±Π½ΡΠΉ Π±ΡΠΊΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π° Π½Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ.
ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΉΠ΄Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ° ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²ΡΡ Π±ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ³Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ. Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΉΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ.
ΠΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ΅ Π±ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΡΠ²Π°Π΄ΡΠ±Ρ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠΊΠ΅Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π±ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠ½ ΠΊ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π°Π½ΡΡΡΠ°ΠΆΡ ΡΠ²Π°Π΄ΡΠ±Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅.
ΠΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ²Π°Π΄Π΅Π±Π½ΡΠΉ Π±ΡΠΊΠ΅Ρ. ΠΠ±ΡΠ·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΠΉΡΠ΅ Π±ΡΠΊΠ΅Ρ Π·Π°ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π΅, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΊΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π² Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ²Π°Π΄ΡΠ±Ρ.
ΠΠ΄Π΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°, ΡΠ°Π·Π±Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡ.
Π Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠ½Π³ Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΠΠ, Ρ Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ.
ΠΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠΠ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡ.
Π Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠ΅.
ΠΠ°ΠΊ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π·Π΄Π΅ΡΡ.
Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ·Π½Π°ΠΉΡΠ΅.
ΠΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠ΅.
Π’Π΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΠΠΠ, ΡΠ·Π½Π°ΠΉΡΠ΅.
Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠΠ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ.
Π’Π΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ° ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ.
ΠΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΠΠ, ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠ΅.
ΠΠ°ΠΊ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΠΠ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ Π½ΡΠΆΠ΄, ΡΠ·Π½Π°ΠΉΡΠ΅.
ΠΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΉΠ΄Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π·Π΄Π΅ΡΡ.
ΠΡΠ΅ ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π·Π΄Π΅ΡΡ.
ΠΠ°ΠΊ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ?, Π² Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅.
ΠΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠ΅.
ΠΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ±Ρ ΠΠΠ, ΡΠ·Π½Π°ΠΉΡΠ΅.
ΠΠ°ΠΊ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΠΠ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ³ΡΡ, Π·Π΄Π΅ΡΡ.
Π§ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ.
ΠΊΡΠΏΠΈΡΡ ΠΠ±Π
ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»Π° ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π°.
ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ.
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π§ΠΠ£ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ.
#### **2. ΠΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ² Ρ Π§ΠΠ£**
ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΊΠ° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ°.
ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ°.
#### **3. ΠΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ² Ρ Π§ΠΠ£**
ΠΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ² β Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ.
ΠΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ. ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΊΠΈ Ρ Π§ΠΠ£ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ.
#### **4. ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ² Ρ Π§ΠΠ£**
Π Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°.
ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ.
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### **Π‘ΠΏΠΈΠ½-ΡΠ°Π±Π»ΠΎΠ½:**
#### **1. ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΊΠΈ Ρ Π§ΠΠ£**
Π‘Π΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π±Π΅Π· ΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈ Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ².
ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ.
*(Π¨Π°Π±Π»ΠΎΠ½ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ².)*